Preheat your oven to 200°C (390°F) top/bottom heat. Grease a 26cm springform pan well and lightly dust it with flour or cocoa.
Put the eggs and sugar into a heatproof bowl and warm them over a double boiler or over very low heat in a pot, stirring constantly, to 45°C (113°F). Use a thermometer for this.
Remove the bowl from the double boiler and beat the egg-sugar mixture with a hand mixer or in a stand mixer on the highest setting for about 25 minutes until it is very light, thick, and foamy, and its volume has significantly increased.
In a separate bowl, mix the sifted flour, baking cocoa, and baking powder well together.
Carefully fold the dry ingredients into the beaten egg mixture in several portions. Be careful not to knock out too much air.
Add the vanilla extract and the melted, slightly cooled butter and carefully fold them in until everything is well combined.
Pour the batter into the prepared springform pan and bake the sponge for about 30 minutes. Do the skewer test: If you insert a wooden skewer into the center of the cake and it comes out clean, the base is ready.
After baking, let the sponge cake base cool briefly in the pan, then release the springform rim and let the base cool completely on a wire rack before continuing to process it.